@Article{RodriguesGarKayCalAnd:2022:ClAnRe,
               author = "Rodrigues, Maria A. M. and Garcia, S{\^a}mia R. and Kayano, Mary 
                         Toshie and Calheiros, Alan James Peixoto and Andreoli, Rita V.",
          affiliation = "{Universidade Federal de Itajub{\'a} (UNIFEI)} and {Universidade 
                         Federal de S{\~a}o Paulo (UNIFESP)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA)}",
                title = "Onset and demise dates of the rainy season in the South American 
                         monsoon region: A cluster analysis result",
              journal = "International Journal of Climatology",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "42",
               number = "3",
                pages = "1354--1368",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "antisymmetric outgoing long-wave radiation, cluster analysis, 
                         onset and demise dates, South American monsoon region, wet and dry 
                         seasons.",
             abstract = "This work proposes an adaptation of the method developed in 
                         previous papers to determine the onset and demise of the rainy 
                         season (ONR and DER) dates in the areas of the South American 
                         monsoon system (SAMS) based on the pentad antisymmetric outgoing 
                         long-wave radiation (AOLR). In those papers, the sign change of 
                         the mean AOLR in the central Amazon Basin (CAM) and western 
                         central Brazil (WCB) from positive to negative defined the ONR, 
                         from negative to positive, the DER dates. Since the monsoon 
                         convection presents a northwestsoutheast oriented progression, the 
                         antisymmetric area to the WCB was selected subjectively. Thus, 
                         here we propose to use the Ward hierarchical clustering method to 
                         select areas in the SAMS and in the northern tropical America 
                         (NTA) for the regionalized AOLR calculation. The significant (at 
                         the 95% confidence level) negative correlations with the largest 
                         magnitude among the clusters in the SAMS and NTA and the outgoing 
                         long-wave radiation (OLR) and precipitation annual cycles in each 
                         group define the pairs to calculate the AOLR. Then, the AOLR time 
                         series is calculated and subjected to a 5-pentad running mean 
                         filter. This method keeps the climatological features of the 
                         convection annual cycle such that the closer (farther) the pair is 
                         to the equator the longer (shorter) the rainy season. The ONR and 
                         DER dates found with this new method are remarkably close to those 
                         found previously. Therefore, the new method proposed here 
                         highlights regional aspects of rainy season and can easily be 
                         automatized for its routine application at the operational climate 
                         monitoring centres, for instance at INPE. This is the most 
                         important advantage of the method and might be relevant to the 
                         SAMS rainy season monitoring.",
                  doi = "10.1002/joc.7307",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7307",
                 issn = "0899-8418",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Intl Journal of Climatology - 2021 - Rodrigues - Onset and demise 
                         dates of the rainy season in the South American monsoon.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}